Hazardous waste stream needs to be managed so as not to exceed stock- and rate-limited properties of its recipient ecosystems. The co-pyrolysis of Chinese medicine residue (CMR) and textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and its bio-oil, biochar, and ash quality and quantity were characterized as a function of the immersion of K 2 CO 3 , atmosphere type, blend ratio, and temperature. Compared to the mono-pyrolysis of TDS, its co-pyrolysis performance with CMR (the comprehensive performance index (CPI)) significantly improved by 33.9% in the N 2 atmosphere and 33.2% in the CO 2 atmosphere. The impregnation catalyzed the co-pyrolysis at 370 degrees C, reduced its activation energy by 77.3 kJ/mol in the N 2 atmosphere and 134.6 kJ/mol in the CO 2 atmosphere, and enriched the degree of coke gasification by 44.25% in the CO 2 atmosphere. The impregnation increased the decomposition rate of the co-pyrolysis by weakening the bond energy of fatty side chains and bridge bonds, its catalytic and secondary products, and its bio-oil yield by 66.19%. Its bio-oils mainly contained olefins, aromatic structural substances, and alcohols. The immersion of K 2 CO 3 improved the aromaticity of the co